AcaWiki - User contributions [en]

User:Pbmeyer/Comments on GDP for Mazzucato book discussion

2021-12-10T15:51:26Z

Pbmeyer: clarification

'''Because of recent revisions, GDP no longer misses, as much:'''

*the contribution of R&D now makes to increasing later output
*the contribution of new films, and other "artistic originals", to later output (GDP)
*investments into making software which pays off later

'''But GDP still misses much of . . .'''

*effect of health expenditures now on later healthier effective workforce
*exhaustion of natural resources, which aren't usually on the balance sheet
*pollution and other "bads" with negative externalities, which cause later pain/trouble and reduced output
*care of children, housekeeping services, and other "home production" which is valued or creates value/output later
*contributions of primary and 2ndary education beyond their costs (because future value is not priced, and is uncertain)
*value of government R&D beyond its costs
*value of long-lasting infrastructure? I think
* various kinds of quality (e.g. for services) that isn't represented in price
* value in free/networked goods, e.g. free open-source software

'''Deep issues/problems beyond tradeoffs over time:'''

* (1) '''GDP counts higher prices as more output even if it's from market power'''

*FISIM is an example (inferences about value of financial institutions from their gross profits, the intermediation wedge)
*exploitation by private pharma companies of R&D by public sector insts
*Oil price fluctuations
*semi-monopolies e.g Microsoft -- classic market power

* (2) '''GDP is a measure of economic value of goods & services, leaving out much that people would value.'''

* (3) '''For output or productivity, it's necessary to have multiple measures to measure the different necessary things'''

User:Pbmeyer/Comments on GDP for Mazzucato book discussion

2021-12-10T00:52:30Z

Pbmeyer: fill out list of deep issues other than delayed payoffs

'''Because of recent revisions, GDP no longer misses, as much:'''

*the contribution of R&D now makes to increasing later output
*the contribution of new films, and other "artistic originals", to later output (GDP)
*investments into making software which pays off later

'''But GDP still misses much of . . .'''

*effect of health expenditures now on later healthier effective workforce
*exhaustion of natural resources, which aren't usually on the balance sheet
*pollution and other "bads" with negative externalities, which cause later pain/trouble and reduced output
*care of children, housekeeping services, and other "home production" which is valued or creates value/output later
*contributions of primary and 2ndary education beyond their costs (because future value is not priced, and is uncertain)
*value of government R&D beyond its costs
*value of long-lasting infrastructure? I think
* various kinds of quality (e.g. for services) that isn't represented in price
* value in free/networked goods, e.g. free open-source software

'''Deep issues/problems:'''

* (1) '''GDP counts higher prices as more output even if it's from market power'''

*FISIM is an example (inferences about value of financial institutions from their gross profits, the intermediation wedge)
*exploitation by private pharma companies of R&D by public sector insts
*Oil price fluctuations
*semi-monopolies e.g Microsoft -- classic market power

* (2) '''GDP is a measure of economic value of goods & services, leaving out much that people would value.'''

* (3) For output or productivity, it's necessary to have multiple measures to measure the different necessary things

User:Pbmeyer/Comments on GDP for Mazzucato book discussion

2021-12-10T00:48:24Z

Pbmeyer:

'''Because of recent revisions, GDP no longer misses, as much:'''

*the contribution of R&D now makes to increasing later output
*the contribution of new films, and other "artistic originals", to later output (GDP)
*investments into making software which pays off later

'''But GDP still misses much of . . .'''

*effect of health expenditures now on later healthier effective workforce
*exhaustion of natural resources, which aren't usually on the balance sheet
*pollution and other "bads" with negative externalities, which cause later pain/trouble and reduced output
*care of children, housekeeping services, and other "home production" which is valued or creates value/output later
*contributions of primary and 2ndary education beyond their costs (because future value is not priced, and is uncertain)
*value of government R&D beyond its costs
*value of long-lasting infrastructure? I think
* various kinds of quality (e.g. for services) that isn't represented in price
* value in free/networked goods, e.g. free open-source software

'''Deep problem: GDP does sometimes count market power that causes higher prices as output'''

*FISIM is an example (inferences about value of financial institutions from their gross profits, the intermediation wedge)
*semi-monopolies e.g msft
*exploitation by private pharma companies of R&D by public sector insts

User:Pbmeyer/Comments on GDP for Mazzucato book discussion

2021-12-10T00:46:38Z

Pbmeyer: notes on GDP

A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes

2014-06-01T17:35:07Z

Pbmeyer: shorter

{{PMIDsummary
|title=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication
|authors=Walker, C.M. ; Levy, J.A.
|PMCID=PMC1385169
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1385169/pdf/immunology00148-0152.pdf
|summary=Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suppress replication of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This antiviral activity appears to be mediated in part by a diffusible factor. Production of this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphokine lymphokine] varies among infected individuals and may reflect the intrinsic ability of an individual's CD8 + cells to control HIV infection. In some cases in which factor activity is not apparent, contact of the CD8+ cells with infected CD4+ cells can produce for suppression of virus replication. These observations could lead to approaches for enhancing anti-viral responses in HIV-infected individuals.
|journal=Immunology 66(4):628-630.
|pub_date=Apr 1989
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: The CD8+ subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cells T cells] produce a soluble substance that inhibits HIV replication

* Finding 1: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin]-stimulated CD8+ T cells mediate suppression of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4+ T cells across a 0.45μm filter. (See Fig 2 and Table 1.) A diffusible [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cytokine cytokine] produced by the CD8+ cells suppresses HIV replication.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes suppress HIV-1 replication across a 0.45μm filter when specifically stimulated by antigen (Figure 4)
:* Confirmation: PMID 1673156: Activated CD8+ T cells produce a soluble factor that inhibits HIV-1 replication, which is not IFN-beta, IFNgamma, or TNF-alpha

* Finding 2: CD8+ T cell suppression of HIV-1 replication is more efficient if there is direct cell contact. (See Figure 3.) Delivery of the cytokine is more efficient when there is cell contact.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more effective at virus suppression when in direct contact with infected cells (Figure 6A)
:* Contradictory Study: [[PMID 9060675]] finds: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominantly mediate antiviral activity through contact-mediated killing and not cytokine production (Figure 4)
:* Contradictory Study: PMID 8709196: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion

* The phenomenon of a cytokine inhibitor of HIV-1 produced by CD8+ T cells is generally accepted. However, most feel that this is a minor mechanism of antiviral activity, with numerous studies indicating that direct killing through cell contact is the major mechanism (references), although this is disputed by a few (references). For certain strains of HIV-1 that use CCR5 for entry, the beta chemokines MIP- 1a, MIP-1b, and RANTES have been shown to be CD8+ T cell-secreted cytokines that can block viral replication, but Levy et al have proposed that the major antiviral factor is not these cytokines because it also works against non-CCR5-using strains of HIV-1 (CXCR4-using) (references), which has been termed CAF ([http://everything2.com/title/CD8+Antiviral+Factor CD8 antiviral factor]). Despite decades of studies of CAF mostly from the [http://labs.medicine.ucsf.edu/levylab/ Levy group] (references), and several candidates (references) and excluded cytokines (references), the identity of CAF remains obscure.

{{List of works disputing this one}}

User:Pbmeyer

2014-06-01T14:57:57Z

Pbmeyer: /* latest broadcast to teammates on this project */ link to lightning talk about this at WikiConference USA 2014

{{TOCright}}{{User
|name=Peter Meyer
|location=US statistics agency, Washington, DC, USA
}}
My academic fields include research on invention, innovation, and occupational definitions (which turned out to be relevant to measuring tech innovation quantitatively).

I was a software developer making a database and word processor called Q&A at Symantec Corp for some years. I immersed myself in the Silicon Valley phenomena as much as possible. Then I went into economics to address some challenges and issues I was curious about, and got a PhD in economics at Northwestern University. Now I'm a researcher at a statistics agency in the US national government (and will give more detail when open scientific collaboration in this format is more accepted there).

=== Examining citations and disputes ===
This table lists works that dispute the methods, data, findings, or conclusions of other works.

{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] | format=table | mainlabel=Second work| ?Disputes | ?Subject}}

===== latest broadcast to teammates on this project =====
Good. I added that info:
http://acawiki.org/A_comparison_of_laparoscopically_assisted_and_open_colectomy

Nice example. This study was readable, not impossibly complicated. They did about 430 surgeries of each type, spread over 40+ institutions, and watched the patients for years afterward. Recovery was faster and scarring less with laparoscopy. Other outcomes were similar. I appreciated the big sample size, duration, etc.

A phrase Dennis used caught my interest: that the Lacy et al study was (I inferred) an important *predecessor* to this one. This is a slightly different relation between works than we talked about before. A commentator might say that study A is an important predecessor to study B even in some cases where B does not cite A. So this is an element of commentary not only a straight fact from the author. (Same issue arises in patents which I have studied. Patents cite earlier patents, but it's not clear which earlier information was actually relevant, which things are cited strategically by the patent-applicant, which ones are added by other commentators, etc. The idea-history is clouded by various agendas.)

Anyway now there are three relations between papers that a commentator can record: B uses methods/data/findings from A ; A is a significant predecessor to B ; or, most interestingly, B disputes A.

For disputes, there is now a report on all the papers that dispute a particular one. The report can be pasted in to any wiki-summary and will report on papers that Now this one has a report showing another paper that dispute it:
http://acawiki.org/A_diffusible_lymphokine_produced_by_CD8%2B_T_lymphocytes
I just added a second disputing paper, and after some kind of background database process runs, the second one will appear on this report. (I think so anyway. There are mysteries and gremlins in there.)

It would be easy to add more relations between papers and reports on them. Software systems could then read trees of relationships between scientific works that are not just "B cites A".

I can't see how to make it look elegant on this site. I would like to make a single report that summarizes all such relations for a particular paper (predecessors ; uses methods/data/findings of ; disputes findings of). Might be possible. This wanders further yet into "semantics" and computer stuff, and projects like these can get lost in the weeds there. What's the scientific agenda again? Talk to you at 4.

Results of meeting:
* PMCID means PubMed Central, and that the paper's TEXT is available for free access. YES we want to use PMCIDs when we can. They are not automatic hyperlinks so it may take some fidgeting.
* Category: Retracted --- A special class, more definitive than "dispute".
* Hilda Bastien is manager of PubMed and will be at the WikiConference in NYC. We want to show these capabilities.
* They would like comments to be public ; perhaps we can inherit something from them
* see PMID 2340227 = PMCID PMC3814821
* try the Wikidata games at http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-game/#mode=nogender
* next call is June 5

* [http://wikiconferenceusa.org/wiki/User:Econterms/Lightning_talk 5-minute talk at WikiConference USA 2014]

=== Technical needs on AcaWiki ===
* Footnotes!! The Cite extension has been pretty easy to install in my experience. I'll ask somebody to do it if a tech person self-identifies. I could do it, if I had access.
* Rebuild the search index -- searches sometimes crash. I'll add examples here if I run across another one.

=== On user-tinkerers innovation ===
I have hosted some sites for academic content, mostly my own writeups, and could copy those here:
* http://econterms.net/innovation for innovation research related to economics
* http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/research/occs/wiki
For now here are lists of content potentially to be added, following the design of [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill|Mako]] who [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill/Generals|listed his own summaries]]:

* [[Abernathy and Utterback, 1978]] "Patterns of industrial innovation."
* [[Alexander et al., 1977]]. ''A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction'' by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein.
* [[Baetjer, 1998]]. ''Software as Capital: An Economic Perspective On Software Engineering'' by Howard Batjer, Jr.
* [[Baldwin and Clark, 2000]]. ''Design Rules, vol 1: The Power of Modularity'' by Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark.
* [[Christiansen, 1997]]. ''The Innovator's Dilemma'' by Clayton M. Christensen.
* [[Coleman, 2005]]. "Three Ethical Moments in Debian" by E. Gabriella Coleman.
* [[Cringely, 1992]]. ''Accidental Empires'', by Robert X. Cringely.
* [[Dosi, 1988]]. Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation, by Giovanni Dosi.
* [[Helgesen, 2008]]. "The Practical Wisdom of Ikujiro Nonaka" by Sally Helgesen.
* [[Kaplan, 1994]]. ''Startup: a Silicon Valley adventure'' by Jerry Kaplan.
* [[Kelty, 2008]]. ''Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software'' by Christopher M. Kelty.
* [[Kidder, 1981]]. ''The Soul of a New Machine'' by Tracy Kidder.
* [[Landes, 1969]]. ''The Unbound Prometheus'' by David S. Landes.
* [[Levy, 1984]]. ''Hackers: heroes of the computer revolution'' by Steven Levy.
* [[Melian, 2007]]. ''Progressive Open Source'' by Catharina Melian.
* [[Network_of_tinkerers_model | Meyer, 2007]]. "Network of tinkerers" by Peter Benjamin Meyer.
* [[Mokyr, 1990]]. ''The Lever of Riches'' by Joel Mokyr.
* [[Moody, 2001]]. ''Rebel Code: The Inside Story of Linux and the Open Source Revolution'' by Glyn Moody.
* [[Nelson and Winter, 1982]]. ''An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change'' by Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter.
* [[Nuvolari, 2004]] Collective Invention during the British Industrial Revolution: the Case of the Cornish Pumping Engine
* [[Pavlicek, 2000]] ''Embracing Insanity: open source software development'' by Russell C. Pavlicek.
* [[Perez, 2002]]. ''Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital'' by Carlota Perez.
* [[Rogers, 1995]]. ''Diffusion of Innovations'' by Everett M. Rogers, 4th edition.
* [[Rosenberg, 1982]]. ''Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and history'' by Nathan Rosenberg. 1982-1995.
* [[Rosenberg, 1994]]. ''Inside the black box: technology and economics'' by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 1996]]. Uncertainty and Technological Change, by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 2007]]. ''Dreaming in Code'' by Scott Rosenberg.
* [[Shapiro and Varian, 1999]]. ''Information Rules: a strategic guide to the network economy'' by Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian.
* [[Stoneman, 2002]]. ''The Economics of Technological Diffusion'' by Paul Stoneman.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1986]]. Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1991]].
* [[von Hippel, 2005]]. ''Democratizing Innovation'' by Eric von Hippel.
* [[Weber, 2004]]. ''The Success of Open Source'' by Steven Weber.
* [[Williams, 2002]]. ''Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software'' by Sam Williams.

==== done!====
* [[Why don't inventors patent?]] by Petra Moser (great stuff)

=== On occupations ===
* Bertillon JASA 1893
* Gannett PASA 1895
* Wright, with Hunt (1900) The History and Growth of the United States Census
* Hunt, William C. (JASA, June 1909) The Federal Census of Occupations
* Edwards (1911)
* Edwards (June 1917, PASA) Social-Economic Groups of the United States
* Edwards (1933)
* Webb, 1939
* Edwards, Alba M. 1941. Occupation and Industry Statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association 36:215. pp. 387-392.
* Edwards (1943) Comparative occupation statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940
* Durand, 1948, The Labor Force in the United States: 1890-1960
* Hauser, 1949, The Labor Force and Gainful Workers--concept, measurement,and comparability
* Hauser, 1950, Some aspects of methodological research in the 1950 Census
* Hauser, 1954, Changes in the labor-force participation of the older worker
* Census, Occupational Characteristics, 1960
* Coale and Stephan (1962)
* Alterman, 1969
* Griffen (1972)
* Katz (1972)
* Bureau of the Census (1975) The Census Bureau, a numerator and denominator for measuring change.
* Historical Statistics, 1975
* Anderson Conk (1978, JIH)
* Sharlin (1978)
* Anderson Conk (1980) The US Census and Labor Force Change: a history of occupation statistics, 1870-1940
* Anderson (1988) The American Census: a social history
* Reviews of Anderson (1988)
* Ruggles and Menard, 1990
* Abel and Folbre, 1990
* Goldin, 1990
* Margo, 1992
* Moen (1994) in Historical Methods
* Sobek and Dillon, 1995, in Historical Methods
* Ventresca, 1995
* Anderton, Barrettt, and Bogue, 1997
* Bose (2001) Women in 1900
* Hacker Ruggles Foroughi Jarvis Sargent 1999 on IPUMS 1860 and 1870
* Anderson (2002 JSH) review of Bose (2001)
* Levenson and Zoghi (2006)
* Thorvaldsen (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006) on American Indians
* Historical Statistics (2006) on Labor
* Sobek (2006)
* Evan Roberts (2007) dissertation
* Anderson (2008, SSH)
* Haugen 2009 on measures of labor underutilization from the CPS
* Historical Methods journal

A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes

2014-06-01T14:30:04Z

Pbmeyer: forced in PMCID

{{PMIDsummary
|title=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication
|authors=Walker, C.M. ; Levy, J.A.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1385169/pdf/immunology00148-0152.pdf
|summary=Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suppress replication of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This antiviral activity appears to be mediated in part by a diffusible factor. Production of this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphokine lymphokine] varies among infected individuals and may reflect the intrinsic ability of an individual's CD8 + cells to control HIV infection. In some cases in which factor activity is not apparent, contact of the CD8+ cells with infected CD4+ cells can produce for suppression of virus replication. These observations could lead to approaches for enhancing anti-viral responses in HIV-infected individuals.
|journal=Immunology 66(4):628-630.
|pub_date=Apr 1989
|doi=
|PMCID: PMC1385169
|subject= Medicine
}}PMCID: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1385169 PMC1385169]
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: The CD8+ subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cells T cells] produce a soluble substance that inhibits HIV replication

* Finding 1: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin]-stimulated CD8+ T cells mediate suppression of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4+ T cells across a 0.45μm filter. (See Fig 2 and Table 1.) A diffusible [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cytokine cytokine] produced by the CD8+ cells suppresses HIV replication.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes suppress HIV-1 replication across a 0.45μm filter when specifically stimulated by antigen (Figure 4)
:* Confirmation: PMID 1673156: Activated CD8+ T cells produce a soluble factor that inhibits HIV-1 replication, which is not IFN-beta, IFNgamma, or TNF-alpha

* Finding 2: CD8+ T cell suppression of HIV-1 replication is more efficient if there is direct cell contact. (See Figure 3.) Delivery of the cytokine is more efficient when there is cell contact.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more effective at virus suppression when in direct contact with infected cells (Figure 6A)
:* Contradictory Study: [[PMID 9060675]] finds: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominantly mediate antiviral activity through contact-mediated killing and not cytokine production (Figure 4)
:* Contradictory Study: PMID 8709196: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion

* The phenomenon of a cytokine inhibitor of HIV-1 produced by CD8+ T cells is generally accepted. However, most feel that this is a minor mechanism of antiviral activity, with numerous studies indicating that direct killing through cell contact is the major mechanism (references), although this is disputed by a few (references). For certain strains of HIV-1 that use CCR5 for entry, the beta chemokines MIP- 1a, MIP-1b, and RANTES have been shown to be CD8+ T cell-secreted cytokines that can block viral replication, but Levy et al have proposed that the major antiviral factor is not these cytokines because it also works against non-CCR5-using strains of HIV-1 (CXCR4-using) (references), which has been termed CAF ([http://everything2.com/title/CD8+Antiviral+Factor CD8 antiviral factor]). Despite decades of studies of CAF mostly from the [http://labs.medicine.ucsf.edu/levylab/ Levy group] (references), and several candidates (references) and excluded cytokines (references), the identity of CAF remains obscure.

{{List of works disputing this one}}

Template:Disputes reference

2014-06-01T13:36:23Z

Pbmeyer: brief phrasing

This work disputes the findings of source [[Disputes::{{{source}}}]]. [[Category:Disputes earlier work]]

Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff

2014-06-01T13:21:59Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ spacing

{{PMIDsummary
|title=Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff
|authors=Thomas Herndon; Michael Ash; Robert Pollin
|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/working_papers/working_papers_301-350/WP322.pdf
|summary=We replicate Reinhart and Rogoff (2010a and [[Growth in a time of debt|2010b]]) and find that coding errors, selective exclusion of available data, and unconventional weighting of summary statistics lead to serious errors that inaccurately represent the relationship between public debt and GDP growth among 20 advanced economies in the post-war period. Our finding is that when properly calculated, the average real GDP growth rate for countries carrying a public-debt-to-GDP ratio of over 90 percent is actually 2.2 percent, not -0.1 percent as published in Reinhart and Rogoff. That is, contrary to RR, average GDP growth at public debt/GDP ratios over 90 percent is not dramatically different than when debt/GDP ratios are lower. We also show how the relationship between public debt and GDP growth varies significantly by time period and country. Overall, the evidence we review contradicts Reinhart and Rogoff's claim to have identified an important stylized fact, that public debt loads greater than 90 percent of GDP consistently reduce GDP growth.
|journal=
|pub_date=2013/05/15
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
{{Uses reference | source=[[Growth in a time of debt]] | uses=its data and methods}}
{{Disputes reference | source=Growth in a time of debt}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff

2014-06-01T13:12:40Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ arrange in time order

{{PMIDsummary
|title=Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff
|authors=Thomas Herndon; Michael Ash; Robert Pollin
|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/working_papers/working_papers_301-350/WP322.pdf
|summary=We replicate Reinhart and Rogoff (2010a and [[Growth in a time of debt|2010b]]) and find that coding errors, selective exclusion of available data, and unconventional weighting of summary statistics lead to serious errors that inaccurately represent the relationship between public debt and GDP growth among 20 advanced economies in the post-war period. Our finding is that when properly calculated, the average real GDP growth rate for countries carrying a public-debt-to-GDP ratio of over 90 percent is actually 2.2 percent, not -0.1 percent as published in Reinhart and Rogoff. That is, contrary to RR, average GDP growth at public debt/GDP ratios over 90 percent is not dramatically different than when debt/GDP ratios are lower. We also show how the relationship between public debt and GDP growth varies significantly by time period and country. Overall, the evidence we review contradicts Reinhart and Rogoff's claim to have identified an important stylized fact, that public debt loads greater than 90 percent of GDP consistently reduce GDP growth.
|journal=
|pub_date=2013/05/15
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
{{Uses reference | source=[[Growth in a time of debt]] | uses=its data and methods}}

{{Disputes reference | source=Growth in a time of debt}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Growth in a time of debt

2014-06-01T10:44:42Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ stdize disputes report at bottom

{{Summary
|title=Growth in a Time of Debt
|authors=Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth S. Rogoff
|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w15639
|summary=We study economic growth and inflation at different levels of government and external debt. Our analysis is based on new data on forty-four countries spanning about two hundred years. The dataset incorporates over 3,700 annual observations covering a wide range of political systems, institutions, exchange rate arrangements, and historic circumstances. Our main findings are: First, the relationship between government debt and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP. Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. We find that the threshold for public debt is similar in advanced and emerging economies. Second, emerging markets face lower thresholds for external debt (public and private)—which is usually denominated in a foreign currency. When external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP, annual growth declines by about two percent; for higher levels, growth rates are roughly cut in half. Third, there is no apparent contemporaneous link between inflation and public debt levels for the advanced countries as a group (some countries, such as the United States, have experienced higher inflation when debt/GDP is high.) The story is entirely different for emerging markets, where inflation rises sharply as debt increases.
|journal=NBER Working Paper
|pub_date=Jan 2010
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions:
* Data: Unbalanced panel of 44 countries over more than a century.
* Finding: When government debt gets to or above a threshhold of 90% of annual GDP there is a noticeable negtive effect on GDP.
:* Contradictory study "[[Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff]]" shows that the data set in the original paper mistakenly excluded five influential observation-countries and this widely-cited conclusion is not strongly shown in the full data. There was a lot of commentary on this including [http://retractionwatch.com/2013/04/18/influential-reinhart-rogoff-economics-paper-suffers-database-error/ this blog post in Retraction Watch].
{{List of works disputing this one}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff

2014-06-01T10:42:59Z

Pbmeyer: use experimental PMIDsummary template for demo

{{PMIDsummary
|title=Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff
|authors=Thomas Herndon; Michael Ash; Robert Pollin
|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/working_papers/working_papers_301-350/WP322.pdf
|summary=We replicate Reinhart and Rogoff (2010a and [[Growth in a time of debt|2010b]]) and find that coding errors, selective exclusion of available data, and unconventional weighting of summary statistics lead to serious errors that inaccurately represent the relationship between public debt and GDP growth among 20 advanced economies in the post-war period. Our finding is that when properly calculated, the average real GDP growth rate for countries carrying a public-debt-to-GDP ratio of over 90 percent is actually 2.2 percent, not -0.1 percent as published in Reinhart and Rogoff. That is, contrary to RR, average GDP growth at public debt/GDP ratios over 90 percent is not dramatically different than when debt/GDP ratios are lower. We also show how the relationship between public debt and GDP growth varies significantly by time period and country. Overall, the evidence we review contradicts Reinhart and Rogoff's claim to have identified an important stylized fact, that public debt loads greater than 90 percent of GDP consistently reduce GDP growth.
|journal=
|pub_date=2013/05/15
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=Growth in a time of debt}}

{{Uses reference | source=[[Growth in a time of debt]] | uses=its data and methods}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-06-01T10:41:41Z

Pbmeyer: spacing

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} PMID {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}|]]</b/><br/> | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} PMCID {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]]</b><br/> | }}
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }}<br/> | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}| <div> [[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]] {{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}} </div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-06-01T10:35:55Z

Pbmeyer: less spacing

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} PMID {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}|</b> ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} PMCID {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]]</b> | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}| <div> [[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]] {{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}} </div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-06-01T10:28:58Z

Pbmeyer: show "PMID #" without colon

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} PMID {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}|</b> ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} PMCID {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]]</b> | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }} {{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}| <div> [[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]] {{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}} </div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-31T19:24:05Z

Pbmeyer: updated template and formatting

{{PMIDsummary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell cytotoxic T lymphocytes] (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4%2B_T_cells CD4+ cells] at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol.
|journal_volume=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|PMID=8709196
|PMCID=PMC190594
|subject= Medicine}}
=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}.
: Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T19:21:43Z

Pbmeyer: wipe out more whitespace

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }} {{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}| <div> [[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]] {{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}} </div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T19:17:31Z

Pbmeyer: remove whitespace

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}} | }}
{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T19:02:27Z

Pbmeyer: reduce whitespace

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID URL:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}
{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}| '''Theoretical and practical relevance:''' {{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-31T19:00:42Z

Pbmeyer: try new template

{{PMIDsummary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol.
|journal_volume=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|PMID=8709196
|PMCID=PMC190594
|subject= Medicine}}
=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}. Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T19:00:09Z

Pbmeyer: moew experiments ; reduce whitespace ; change "Tagged" to "Subjects"

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}| '''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}
'''Subjects:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:''' {{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:54:31Z

Pbmeyer: assume caller includes PMC in PMCID

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

Download:
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:52:38Z

Pbmeyer: URL for PMCID

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

Download:
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|<b>PMCID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC{{{PMCID|}}} {{{PMCID|}}}] [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:48:43Z

Pbmeyer: put key URL in

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

Download:
{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:45:21Z

Pbmeyer: more curly braces were needed

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{PMID|}}} {{{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:43:21Z

Pbmeyer: trying to get display, imitating doi: now not issn:

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|<b>PMID:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{PMID|}}} {{PMID|}}}] [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Property:PMID

2014-05-31T18:38:52Z

Pbmeyer: copied from [[Property:DOI]

This is a property of type [[Has type::String|String]].

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:31:40Z

Pbmeyer: doc

<noinclude>
This is the 'PMIDsummary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Click "What links here" at left to see examples of usage.
Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
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| }}''

{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
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| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:30:33Z

Pbmeyer: doc

<noinclude>
This is the 'Summary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|PMID=
|PMCID=
|subject=
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|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Template:PMIDsummary

2014-05-31T18:29:51Z

Pbmeyer: experiment, adding PMID and PMCID

<noinclude>
This is the 'Summary' template.
It should be called in the following format:
<pre>
{{Summary
|authors=
|journal=
|journal_volume=
|url=
|pub_date=
|issn=
|doi=
|subject=
|tags=
|summary=
|relevance=
|pub_open_access=
}}
</pre>

Edit the page to see the template text.
</noinclude><includeonly>
[[Category:Summary]]
__NOTOC__
'''Citation:''' ''{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|[[Author::xxx]]|,  }} {{#if:{{{pub_date|}}}| ([[Date::{{{pub_date|}}}]]) | }} {{PAGENAME}}. {{#if:{{{journal|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Journal={{anchorencode:{{{journal|}}}}}}} {{{journal|}}}] [[Journal::{{{journal|}}}| ]] {{#if:{{{journal_volume|}}}| (Volume [[Volume::{{{journal_volume|}}}]]) | }} ({{#ask:[[Journal::{{{journal|}}}]]| rsstitle={{{journal|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries from {{{journal|}}} | format=rss }})
| }}''

{{#if:{{{doi|}}}|<b>doi:</b> [http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|}}} {{{doi|}}}] [[DOI::{{{doi|}}}| ]] | }}<br/>
{{#if:{{{issn|}}}|issn: [[ISSN::{{{issn|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMID|}}}|PMID: [[PMID::{{{PMID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{PMCID|}}}|PMCID: [[PMCID::{{{PMCID|}}}| ]] | }}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
'''Download:''' {{#arraymap:{{{url}}}|,|xxx|[[URL::xxx]]|,  }} | }}

'''Tagged:''' {{#if:{{{subject|}}}|
[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Subject={{anchorencode:{{{subject|}}}}}}} {{{subject|}}}] [[Subject::{{{subject|}}}| ]]
({{#ask:[[Subject::{{{subject|}}}]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle={{{subject|}}} | rssdescription=All summaries with this subject {{{subject|}}} | format=rss }})
| }} {{#if:{{{tags|}}}|
{{#arraymap:{{{tags|}}}|,|xxx|[{{fullurl:Special:BrowseData/Summary|Tag={{anchorencode:xxx}}}} xxx] [[Tag::xxx| ]]({{#ask:[[Tag::xxx]][[Category:Summary]]| rsstitle=xxx | rssdescription=All summaries tagged with xxx | format=rss }})|,  }}
| }}
----
'''Summary:'''

{{{summary|}}}

{{#if:{{{relevance|}}}|
'''Theoretical and practical relevance:'''

{{{relevance|}}}
| }}

{{#if:{{{pub_open_access|}}}|
<div>
[[Published in an Open Access journal::{{{pub_open_access|}}}| ]]
{{{{{pub_open_access|}}} Published in an Open Access journal}}
</div>
| }}
[[title::{{PAGENAME}}| ]][[type::article| ]]

<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/acawiki.org:summary&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info:doi/{{{doi}}}&rft.atitle={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&rft.jtitle={{urlencode:{{{journal}}}}}&rft.date={{urlencode:{{{pub_date}}}}}{{#arraymap:{{{authors|}}}|,|xxx|&rft.au={{urlencode:xxx}}| }}"></span>
__NOFACTBOX__
</includeonly>

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-31T18:24:35Z

Pbmeyer: prep for updated template

{{Summary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709196?dopt=Abstract
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol.
|journal_volume=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|PMID=8709196
|PMCID=PMC190594
|subject= Medicine
}}
PMID 8709196 PMCID: PMC190594

=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}. Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-31T18:19:20Z

Pbmeyer: clean up refs

{{Summary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709196?dopt=Abstract
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol.
|journal_issue=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
PMID 8709196 PMCID: PMC190594

=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}. Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

User:Pbmeyer

2014-05-22T21:12:17Z

Pbmeyer: /* latest broadcast to teammates on this project */ updates from meeting

{{TOCright}}{{User
|name=Peter Meyer
|location=US statistics agency, Washington, DC, USA
}}
My academic fields include research on invention, innovation, and occupational definitions (which turned out to be relevant to measuring tech innovation quantitatively).

I was a software developer making a database and word processor called Q&A at Symantec Corp for some years. I immersed myself in the Silicon Valley phenomena as much as possible. Then I went into economics to address some challenges and issues I was curious about, and got a PhD in economics at Northwestern University. Now I'm a researcher at a statistics agency in the US national government (and will give more detail when open scientific collaboration in this format is more accepted there).

=== Examining citations and disputes ===
This table lists works that dispute the methods, data, findings, or conclusions of other works.

{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] | format=table | mainlabel=Second work| ?Disputes | ?Subject}}

===== latest broadcast to teammates on this project =====
Good. I added that info:
http://acawiki.org/A_comparison_of_laparoscopically_assisted_and_open_colectomy

Nice example. This study was readable, not impossibly complicated. They did about 430 surgeries of each type, spread over 40+ institutions, and watched the patients for years afterward. Recovery was faster and scarring less with laparoscopy. Other outcomes were similar. I appreciated the big sample size, duration, etc.

A phrase Dennis used caught my interest: that the Lacy et al study was (I inferred) an important *predecessor* to this one. This is a slightly different relation between works than we talked about before. A commentator might say that study A is an important predecessor to study B even in some cases where B does not cite A. So this is an element of commentary not only a straight fact from the author. (Same issue arises in patents which I have studied. Patents cite earlier patents, but it's not clear which earlier information was actually relevant, which things are cited strategically by the patent-applicant, which ones are added by other commentators, etc. The idea-history is clouded by various agendas.)

Anyway now there are three relations between papers that a commentator can record: B uses methods/data/findings from A ; A is a significant predecessor to B ; or, most interestingly, B disputes A.

For disputes, there is now a report on all the papers that dispute a particular one. The report can be pasted in to any wiki-summary and will report on papers that Now this one has a report showing another paper that dispute it:
http://acawiki.org/A_diffusible_lymphokine_produced_by_CD8%2B_T_lymphocytes
I just added a second disputing paper, and after some kind of background database process runs, the second one will appear on this report. (I think so anyway. There are mysteries and gremlins in there.)

It would be easy to add more relations between papers and reports on them. Software systems could then read trees of relationships between scientific works that are not just "B cites A".

I can't see how to make it look elegant on this site. I would like to make a single report that summarizes all such relations for a particular paper (predecessors ; uses methods/data/findings of ; disputes findings of). Might be possible. This wanders further yet into "semantics" and computer stuff, and projects like these can get lost in the weeds there. What's the scientific agenda again? Talk to you at 4.

Results of meeting:
* PMCID means PubMed Central, and that the paper's TEXT is available for free access. YES we want to use PMCIDs when we can. They are not automatic hyperlinks so it may take some fidgeting.
* Category: Retracted --- A special class, more definitive than "dispute".
* Hilda Bastien is manager of PubMed and will be at the WikiConference in NYC. We want to show these capabilities.
* They would like comments to be public ; perhaps we can inherit something from them
* see PMID 2340227 = PMCID PMC3814821
* try the Wikidata games at http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-game/#mode=nogender
* next call is June 5

=== Technical needs on AcaWiki ===
* Footnotes!! The Cite extension has been pretty easy to install in my experience. I'll ask somebody to do it if a tech person self-identifies. I could do it, if I had access.
* Rebuild the search index -- searches sometimes crash. I'll add examples here if I run across another one.

=== On user-tinkerers innovation ===
I have hosted some sites for academic content, mostly my own writeups, and could copy those here:
* http://econterms.net/innovation for innovation research related to economics
* http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/research/occs/wiki
For now here are lists of content potentially to be added, following the design of [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill|Mako]] who [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill/Generals|listed his own summaries]]:

* [[Abernathy and Utterback, 1978]] "Patterns of industrial innovation."
* [[Alexander et al., 1977]]. ''A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction'' by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein.
* [[Baetjer, 1998]]. ''Software as Capital: An Economic Perspective On Software Engineering'' by Howard Batjer, Jr.
* [[Baldwin and Clark, 2000]]. ''Design Rules, vol 1: The Power of Modularity'' by Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark.
* [[Christiansen, 1997]]. ''The Innovator's Dilemma'' by Clayton M. Christensen.
* [[Coleman, 2005]]. "Three Ethical Moments in Debian" by E. Gabriella Coleman.
* [[Cringely, 1992]]. ''Accidental Empires'', by Robert X. Cringely.
* [[Dosi, 1988]]. Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation, by Giovanni Dosi.
* [[Helgesen, 2008]]. "The Practical Wisdom of Ikujiro Nonaka" by Sally Helgesen.
* [[Kaplan, 1994]]. ''Startup: a Silicon Valley adventure'' by Jerry Kaplan.
* [[Kelty, 2008]]. ''Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software'' by Christopher M. Kelty.
* [[Kidder, 1981]]. ''The Soul of a New Machine'' by Tracy Kidder.
* [[Landes, 1969]]. ''The Unbound Prometheus'' by David S. Landes.
* [[Levy, 1984]]. ''Hackers: heroes of the computer revolution'' by Steven Levy.
* [[Melian, 2007]]. ''Progressive Open Source'' by Catharina Melian.
* [[Network_of_tinkerers_model | Meyer, 2007]]. "Network of tinkerers" by Peter Benjamin Meyer.
* [[Mokyr, 1990]]. ''The Lever of Riches'' by Joel Mokyr.
* [[Moody, 2001]]. ''Rebel Code: The Inside Story of Linux and the Open Source Revolution'' by Glyn Moody.
* [[Nelson and Winter, 1982]]. ''An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change'' by Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter.
* [[Nuvolari, 2004]] Collective Invention during the British Industrial Revolution: the Case of the Cornish Pumping Engine
* [[Pavlicek, 2000]] ''Embracing Insanity: open source software development'' by Russell C. Pavlicek.
* [[Perez, 2002]]. ''Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital'' by Carlota Perez.
* [[Rogers, 1995]]. ''Diffusion of Innovations'' by Everett M. Rogers, 4th edition.
* [[Rosenberg, 1982]]. ''Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and history'' by Nathan Rosenberg. 1982-1995.
* [[Rosenberg, 1994]]. ''Inside the black box: technology and economics'' by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 1996]]. Uncertainty and Technological Change, by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 2007]]. ''Dreaming in Code'' by Scott Rosenberg.
* [[Shapiro and Varian, 1999]]. ''Information Rules: a strategic guide to the network economy'' by Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian.
* [[Stoneman, 2002]]. ''The Economics of Technological Diffusion'' by Paul Stoneman.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1986]]. Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1991]].
* [[von Hippel, 2005]]. ''Democratizing Innovation'' by Eric von Hippel.
* [[Weber, 2004]]. ''The Success of Open Source'' by Steven Weber.
* [[Williams, 2002]]. ''Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software'' by Sam Williams.

==== done!====
* [[Why don't inventors patent?]] by Petra Moser (great stuff)

=== On occupations ===
* Bertillon JASA 1893
* Gannett PASA 1895
* Wright, with Hunt (1900) The History and Growth of the United States Census
* Hunt, William C. (JASA, June 1909) The Federal Census of Occupations
* Edwards (1911)
* Edwards (June 1917, PASA) Social-Economic Groups of the United States
* Edwards (1933)
* Webb, 1939
* Edwards, Alba M. 1941. Occupation and Industry Statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association 36:215. pp. 387-392.
* Edwards (1943) Comparative occupation statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940
* Durand, 1948, The Labor Force in the United States: 1890-1960
* Hauser, 1949, The Labor Force and Gainful Workers--concept, measurement,and comparability
* Hauser, 1950, Some aspects of methodological research in the 1950 Census
* Hauser, 1954, Changes in the labor-force participation of the older worker
* Census, Occupational Characteristics, 1960
* Coale and Stephan (1962)
* Alterman, 1969
* Griffen (1972)
* Katz (1972)
* Bureau of the Census (1975) The Census Bureau, a numerator and denominator for measuring change.
* Historical Statistics, 1975
* Anderson Conk (1978, JIH)
* Sharlin (1978)
* Anderson Conk (1980) The US Census and Labor Force Change: a history of occupation statistics, 1870-1940
* Anderson (1988) The American Census: a social history
* Reviews of Anderson (1988)
* Ruggles and Menard, 1990
* Abel and Folbre, 1990
* Goldin, 1990
* Margo, 1992
* Moen (1994) in Historical Methods
* Sobek and Dillon, 1995, in Historical Methods
* Ventresca, 1995
* Anderton, Barrettt, and Bogue, 1997
* Bose (2001) Women in 1900
* Hacker Ruggles Foroughi Jarvis Sargent 1999 on IPUMS 1860 and 1870
* Anderson (2002 JSH) review of Bose (2001)
* Levenson and Zoghi (2006)
* Thorvaldsen (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006) on American Indians
* Historical Statistics (2006) on Labor
* Sobek (2006)
* Evan Roberts (2007) dissertation
* Anderson (2008, SSH)
* Haugen 2009 on measures of labor underutilization from the CPS
* Historical Methods journal

User:Pbmeyer

2014-05-22T12:37:08Z

Pbmeyer: /* Examining citations and disputes */ email prep

{{TOCright}}{{User
|name=Peter Meyer
|location=US statistics agency, Washington, DC, USA
}}
My academic fields include research on invention, innovation, and occupational definitions (which turned out to be relevant to measuring tech innovation quantitatively).

I was a software developer making a database and word processor called Q&A at Symantec Corp for some years. I immersed myself in the Silicon Valley phenomena as much as possible. Then I went into economics to address some challenges and issues I was curious about, and got a PhD in economics at Northwestern University. Now I'm a researcher at a statistics agency in the US national government (and will give more detail when open scientific collaboration in this format is more accepted there).

=== Examining citations and disputes ===
This table lists works that dispute the methods, data, findings, or conclusions of other works.

{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] | format=table | mainlabel=Second work| ?Disputes | ?Subject}}

===== latest broadcast to teammates on this project =====
Good. I added that info:
http://acawiki.org/A_comparison_of_laparoscopically_assisted_and_open_colectomy

Nice example. This study was readable, not impossibly complicated. They did about 430 surgeries of each type, spread over 40+ institutions, and watched the patients for years afterward. Recovery was faster and scarring less with laparoscopy. Other outcomes were similar. I appreciated the big sample size, duration, etc.

A phrase Dennis used caught my interest: that the Lacy et al study was (I inferred) an important *predecessor* to this one. This is a slightly different relation between works than we talked about before. A commentator might say that study A is an important predecessor to study B even in some cases where B does not cite A. So this is an element of commentary not only a straight fact from the author. (Same issue arises in patents which I have studied. Patents cite earlier patents, but it's not clear which earlier information was actually relevant, which things are cited strategically by the patent-applicant, which ones are added by other commentators, etc. The idea-history is clouded by various agendas.)

Anyway now there are three relations between papers that a commentator can record: B uses methods/data/findings from A ; A is a significant predecessor to B ; or, most interestingly, B disputes A.

For disputes, there is now a report on all the papers that dispute a particular one. The report can be pasted in to any wiki-summary and will report on papers that Now this one has a report showing another paper that dispute it:
http://acawiki.org/A_diffusible_lymphokine_produced_by_CD8%2B_T_lymphocytes
I just added a second disputing paper, and after some kind of background database process runs, the second one will appear on this report. (I think so anyway. There are mysteries and gremlins in there.)

It would be easy to add more relations between papers and reports on them. Software systems could then read trees of relationships between scientific works that are not just "B cites A".

I can't see how to make it look elegant on this site. I would like to make a single report that summarizes all such relations for a particular paper (predecessors ; uses methods/data/findings of ; disputes findings of). Might be possible. This wanders further yet into "semantics" and computer stuff, and projects like these can get lost in the weeds there. What's the scientific agenda again? Talk to you at 4.

=== Technical needs on AcaWiki ===
* Footnotes!! The Cite extension has been pretty easy to install in my experience. I'll ask somebody to do it if a tech person self-identifies. I could do it, if I had access.
* Rebuild the search index -- searches sometimes crash. I'll add examples here if I run across another one.

=== On user-tinkerers innovation ===
I have hosted some sites for academic content, mostly my own writeups, and could copy those here:
* http://econterms.net/innovation for innovation research related to economics
* http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/research/occs/wiki
For now here are lists of content potentially to be added, following the design of [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill|Mako]] who [[User:Benjamin_Mako_Hill/Generals|listed his own summaries]]:

* [[Abernathy and Utterback, 1978]] "Patterns of industrial innovation."
* [[Alexander et al., 1977]]. ''A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction'' by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein.
* [[Baetjer, 1998]]. ''Software as Capital: An Economic Perspective On Software Engineering'' by Howard Batjer, Jr.
* [[Baldwin and Clark, 2000]]. ''Design Rules, vol 1: The Power of Modularity'' by Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark.
* [[Christiansen, 1997]]. ''The Innovator's Dilemma'' by Clayton M. Christensen.
* [[Coleman, 2005]]. "Three Ethical Moments in Debian" by E. Gabriella Coleman.
* [[Cringely, 1992]]. ''Accidental Empires'', by Robert X. Cringely.
* [[Dosi, 1988]]. Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation, by Giovanni Dosi.
* [[Helgesen, 2008]]. "The Practical Wisdom of Ikujiro Nonaka" by Sally Helgesen.
* [[Kaplan, 1994]]. ''Startup: a Silicon Valley adventure'' by Jerry Kaplan.
* [[Kelty, 2008]]. ''Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software'' by Christopher M. Kelty.
* [[Kidder, 1981]]. ''The Soul of a New Machine'' by Tracy Kidder.
* [[Landes, 1969]]. ''The Unbound Prometheus'' by David S. Landes.
* [[Levy, 1984]]. ''Hackers: heroes of the computer revolution'' by Steven Levy.
* [[Melian, 2007]]. ''Progressive Open Source'' by Catharina Melian.
* [[Network_of_tinkerers_model | Meyer, 2007]]. "Network of tinkerers" by Peter Benjamin Meyer.
* [[Mokyr, 1990]]. ''The Lever of Riches'' by Joel Mokyr.
* [[Moody, 2001]]. ''Rebel Code: The Inside Story of Linux and the Open Source Revolution'' by Glyn Moody.
* [[Nelson and Winter, 1982]]. ''An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change'' by Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter.
* [[Nuvolari, 2004]] Collective Invention during the British Industrial Revolution: the Case of the Cornish Pumping Engine
* [[Pavlicek, 2000]] ''Embracing Insanity: open source software development'' by Russell C. Pavlicek.
* [[Perez, 2002]]. ''Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital'' by Carlota Perez.
* [[Rogers, 1995]]. ''Diffusion of Innovations'' by Everett M. Rogers, 4th edition.
* [[Rosenberg, 1982]]. ''Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and history'' by Nathan Rosenberg. 1982-1995.
* [[Rosenberg, 1994]]. ''Inside the black box: technology and economics'' by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 1996]]. Uncertainty and Technological Change, by Nathan Rosenberg.
* [[Rosenberg, 2007]]. ''Dreaming in Code'' by Scott Rosenberg.
* [[Shapiro and Varian, 1999]]. ''Information Rules: a strategic guide to the network economy'' by Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian.
* [[Stoneman, 2002]]. ''The Economics of Technological Diffusion'' by Paul Stoneman.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1986]]. Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments.
* [[Tushman and Anderson, 1991]].
* [[von Hippel, 2005]]. ''Democratizing Innovation'' by Eric von Hippel.
* [[Weber, 2004]]. ''The Success of Open Source'' by Steven Weber.
* [[Williams, 2002]]. ''Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software'' by Sam Williams.

==== done!====
* [[Why don't inventors patent?]] by Petra Moser (great stuff)

=== On occupations ===
* Bertillon JASA 1893
* Gannett PASA 1895
* Wright, with Hunt (1900) The History and Growth of the United States Census
* Hunt, William C. (JASA, June 1909) The Federal Census of Occupations
* Edwards (1911)
* Edwards (June 1917, PASA) Social-Economic Groups of the United States
* Edwards (1933)
* Webb, 1939
* Edwards, Alba M. 1941. Occupation and Industry Statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association 36:215. pp. 387-392.
* Edwards (1943) Comparative occupation statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940
* Durand, 1948, The Labor Force in the United States: 1890-1960
* Hauser, 1949, The Labor Force and Gainful Workers--concept, measurement,and comparability
* Hauser, 1950, Some aspects of methodological research in the 1950 Census
* Hauser, 1954, Changes in the labor-force participation of the older worker
* Census, Occupational Characteristics, 1960
* Coale and Stephan (1962)
* Alterman, 1969
* Griffen (1972)
* Katz (1972)
* Bureau of the Census (1975) The Census Bureau, a numerator and denominator for measuring change.
* Historical Statistics, 1975
* Anderson Conk (1978, JIH)
* Sharlin (1978)
* Anderson Conk (1980) The US Census and Labor Force Change: a history of occupation statistics, 1870-1940
* Anderson (1988) The American Census: a social history
* Reviews of Anderson (1988)
* Ruggles and Menard, 1990
* Abel and Folbre, 1990
* Goldin, 1990
* Margo, 1992
* Moen (1994) in Historical Methods
* Sobek and Dillon, 1995, in Historical Methods
* Ventresca, 1995
* Anderton, Barrettt, and Bogue, 1997
* Bose (2001) Women in 1900
* Hacker Ruggles Foroughi Jarvis Sargent 1999 on IPUMS 1860 and 1870
* Anderson (2002 JSH) review of Bose (2001)
* Levenson and Zoghi (2006)
* Thorvaldsen (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006)
* Historical Statistics (2006) on American Indians
* Historical Statistics (2006) on Labor
* Sobek (2006)
* Evan Roberts (2007) dissertation
* Anderson (2008, SSH)
* Haugen 2009 on measures of labor underutilization from the CPS
* Historical Methods journal

A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy

2014-05-22T12:35:55Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ sample size: 430+430, roughly

Available here: PMID 15141043
{{Summary
|title=A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer
|authors=Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group
|journal=N Engl J Med
|journal_volume=2004;350:2050-9.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+comparison+of+laparoscopic%5Dally+assisted+and+open+colectomy+for+colon+cancer
|summary=In a multi-center randomized, clinical trial, patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer were found to have noninferior oncologic results when compared to patients who underwent an open colectomy for colon cancer. Oncologic outcomes was defined as the rate of colon cancer recurrence. At 3 years followup, 16% of the laparoscopically treated patients had a recurrence; 18% of the patients treated with open surgery had a colon cancer recurrence. Secondary outcomes documented a shorter length of stay in the laparoscopic-surgery group when compared with the open-surgery group (five days vs. six days, P<0.001) and briefer use of parenteral narcotic (three days vs. four days, P<0.001) and oral analgesics (one day vs. two days, P<0.001). The rates of intraoperative complications, 30-day postoperative mortality, complications at discharge and 60 days, hospital readmission, and reoperation were very similar between groups.
|pub_date=2004 May 13
|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032651
|pub_open_access=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: Laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer results in equivalent cancer outcomes when compared to open colectomy, but results in a quicker recovery.

* This study is sometimes referred to as the COST trial for the authors: Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group, which is a fairly large group of surgeons. The lead author and the Principal Investigator of the study is Heidi Nelson, a colorectal surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. The members of the writing committee of the COST Study Group are listed in the left margin of the first page of the manuscript.
* Sample size: about 430 surgeries of each type, spread across more than 40 institutions.
* Before this paper, there was considerable doubt whether cancer of the colon could be treated well by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery laparoscopic surgery]. Most surgeons would not do a laparoscopic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy colectomy] for colon cancer because of fear that it was inferior treatment. This was a seminal paper in changing that attitude. Other randomized trials have mostly confirmed these results. Still in 2014, most colon surgery for cancer is not done laparoscopically because of technical challenges.
* An estimated 40% of colectomies are done laparoscopicically according to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy#Laparoscopic_surgery this wikipedia article] which cites PMID 22868361.

A significant earlier study is this one:
* Lacy, AM; Garcia-Valdecasas, JC; Delgado, S; et al. [[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]]. ''Lancet'' 2002; 359-2224.
* Relationships:
{{Uses reference | source=[[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]] | uses=its findings}}
{{Predecessor reference | source=Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial }}

Later works citing this study or on the same subject (each of which could have its own wiki page):
* The Colon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study group. Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer : short term outcomes of a randomized trial. ''Lancet Oncology'', 2005, 10.1016/S1470-2045.3
* Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, et al. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. ''J Clin Oncol'' 2007; 25: 3061-8.
* Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial. ''Ann Surg'' 2007; 246: 655-62.
* Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Lacy AM, Castells A, et al. Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta-analysis. ''Arch Surg'' 2007; 142: 298-303.
* Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Müller JM. Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database Syst Rev.'' 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003145.
* Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. ''J Am Coll Surg'' 2007; 204: 439-46.
* Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews''. 2005, Issue 2.
* Young-Fadok TM, Fanelli RD, Price RR, Earle DB. Laparoscopic resection of curable colon and rectal cancer: an evidence-based review. ''Surg Endosc'' 2007; 21(7): 1063-8.

[[Category:Summary]]

A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy

2014-05-22T12:18:53Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ clarification

Available here: PMID 15141043
{{Summary
|title=A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer
|authors=Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group
|journal=N Engl J Med
|journal_volume=2004;350:2050-9.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+comparison+of+laparoscopic%5Dally+assisted+and+open+colectomy+for+colon+cancer
|summary=In a multi-center randomized, clinical trial, patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer were found to have noninferior oncologic results when compared to patients who underwent an open colectomy for colon cancer. Oncologic outcomes was defined as the rate of colon cancer recurrence. At 3 years followup, 16% of the laparoscopically treated patients had a recurrence; 18% of the patients treated with open surgery had a colon cancer recurrence. Secondary outcomes documented a shorter length of stay in the laparoscopic-surgery group when compared with the open-surgery group (five days vs. six days, P<0.001) and briefer use of parenteral narcotic (three days vs. four days, P<0.001) and oral analgesics (one day vs. two days, P<0.001). The rates of intraoperative complications, 30-day postoperative mortality, complications at discharge and 60 days, hospital readmission, and reoperation were very similar between groups.
|pub_date=2004 May 13
|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032651
|pub_open_access=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: Laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer results in equivalent cancer outcomes when compared to open colectomy, but results in a quicker recovery.

* This study is sometimes referred to as the COST trial for the authors: Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group, which is a fairly large group of surgeons. The lead author and the Principal Investigator of the study is Heidi Nelson, a colorectal surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. The members of the writing committee of the COST Study Group are listed in the left margin of the first page of the manuscript.

* Before this paper, there was considerable doubt whether cancer of the colon could be treated well by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery laparoscopic surgery]. Most surgeons would not do a laparoscopic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy colectomy] for colon cancer because of fear that it was inferior treatment. This was a seminal paper in changing that attitude. Other randomized trials have mostly confirmed these results. Still in 2014, most colon surgery for cancer is not done laparoscopically because of technical challenges.
* An estimated 40% of colectomies are done laparoscopicically according to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy#Laparoscopic_surgery this wikipedia article] which cites PMID 22868361.

A significant earlier study is this one:
* Lacy, AM; Garcia-Valdecasas, JC; Delgado, S; et al. [[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]]. ''Lancet'' 2002; 359-2224.
* Relationships:
{{Uses reference | source=[[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]] | uses=its findings}}
{{Predecessor reference | source=Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial }}

Later works citing this study or on the same subject (each of which could have its own wiki page):
* The Colon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study group. Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer : short term outcomes of a randomized trial. ''Lancet Oncology'', 2005, 10.1016/S1470-2045.3
* Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, et al. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. ''J Clin Oncol'' 2007; 25: 3061-8.
* Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial. ''Ann Surg'' 2007; 246: 655-62.
* Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Lacy AM, Castells A, et al. Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta-analysis. ''Arch Surg'' 2007; 142: 298-303.
* Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Müller JM. Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database Syst Rev.'' 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003145.
* Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. ''J Am Coll Surg'' 2007; 204: 439-46.
* Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews''. 2005, Issue 2.
* Young-Fadok TM, Fanelli RD, Price RR, Earle DB. Laparoscopic resection of curable colon and rectal cancer: an evidence-based review. ''Surg Endosc'' 2007; 21(7): 1063-8.

[[Category:Summary]]

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-22T11:53:17Z

Pbmeyer: copyedit

{{Summary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709196?dopt=Abstract
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol 66(4):628-630.
|journal_issue=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
PMID 8709196 PMCID: PMC190594

=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}. Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2014-05-22T11:49:52Z

Pbmeyer: this study disputes findings from another

{{Summary
|title=Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|authors=Yang OO1, Kalams SA, Rosenzweig M, Trocha A, Jones N, Koziel M, Walker BD, Johnson RP
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709196?dopt=Abstract
|summary=Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
|journal=J Virol 66(4):628-630.
|journal_issue=70(9):5799-806.
|pub_date=Sep 1996
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
PMID 8709196 PMCID: PMC190594

=== Commentary ===
{{Disputes reference | source=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes‎}}. Finding here: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion.

A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy

2014-05-22T11:31:24Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ copyedits

Available here: PMID 15141043
{{Summary
|title=A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer
|authors=Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group
|journal=N Engl J Med
|journal_volume=2004;350:2050-9.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+comparison+of+laparoscopic%5Dally+assisted+and+open+colectomy+for+colon+cancer
|summary=In a multi-center randomized, clinical trial, patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer were found to have noninferior oncologic results when compared to patients who underwent an open colectomy for colon cancer. Oncologic outcomes was defined as the rate of colon cancer recurrence. At 3 years followup, 16% of the laparoscopically treated patients had a recurrence; 18% of the patients treated with open surgery had a colon cancer recurrence. Secondary outcomes documented a shorter length of stay in the laparoscopic-surgery group when compared with the open-surgery group (five days vs. six days, P<0.001) and briefer use of parenteral narcotic (three days vs. four days, P<0.001) and oral analgesics (one day vs. two days, P<0.001). The rates of intraoperative complications, 30-day postoperative mortality, complications at discharge and 60 days, hospital readmission, and reoperation were very similar between groups.
|pub_date=2004 May 13
|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032651
|pub_open_access=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of Conclusions: Laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer results in equivalent cancer outcomes when compared to open colectomy, but results in a quicker recovery.

* This study is sometimes referred to as the COST trial for the authors: Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group, which is a fairly large group of surgeons. The lead author and the Principal Investigator of the study is Heidi Nelson, a colorectal surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. The members of the writing committee of the COST Study Group are listed in the left margin of the first page of the manuscript.

* Before this paper, there was considerable doubt whether cancer of the colon could be treated well by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery laparoscopic surgery]. Most surgeons would not do a laparoscopic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy colectomy] for colon cancer because of fear that it was inferior treatment. This was a seminal paper in changing that attitude. Other randomized trials have mostly confirmed these results. Still in 2014, most colon surgery for cancer is not done laparoscopically because of technical challenges.
* An estimated 40% of colectomies are done laparoscopicically according to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy#Laparoscopic_surgery this wikipedia article] which cites PMID 22868361.

A significant earlier study is this one:
* Lacy, AM; Garcia-Valdecasas, JC; Delgado, S; et al. [[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]]. ''Lancet'' 2002; 359-2224.
{{Uses reference | source=[[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]] | uses=its findings}}
{{Predecessor reference | source=Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial }}

Later works citing this study or on the same subject:
* The Colon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study group. Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer : short term outcomes of a randomized trial. ''Lancet Oncology'', 2005, 10.1016/S1470-2045.3
* Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, et al. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. ''J Clin Oncol'' 2007; 25: 3061-8.
* Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial. ''Ann Surg'' 2007; 246: 655-62.
* Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Lacy AM, Castells A, et al. Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta-analysis. ''Arch Surg'' 2007; 142: 298-303.
* Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Müller JM. Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database Syst Rev.'' 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003145.
* Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. ''J Am Coll Surg'' 2007; 204: 439-46.
* Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews''. 2005, Issue 2.
* Young-Fadok TM, Fanelli RD, Price RR, Earle DB. Laparoscopic resection of curable colon and rectal cancer: an evidence-based review. ''Surg Endosc'' 2007; 21(7): 1063-8.

[[Category:Summary]]

A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes

2014-05-22T11:27:57Z

Pbmeyer: /* List of other works disputing this one */ template syntax to include disputes report

{{Summary
|title=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication
|authors=Walker, C.M. ; Levy, J.A.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1385169/pdf/immunology00148-0152.pdf
|summary=Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suppress replication of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This antiviral activity appears to be mediated in part by a diffusible factor. Production of this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphokine lymphokine] varies among infected individuals and may reflect the intrinsic ability of an individual's CD8 + cells to control HIV infection. In some cases in which factor activity is not apparent, contact of the CD8+ cells with infected CD4+ cells can produce for suppression of virus replication. These observations could lead to approaches for enhancing anti-viral responses in HIV-infected individuals.
|journal=Immunology 66(4):628-630.
|pub_date=Apr 1989
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: The CD8+ subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cells T cells] produce a soluble substance that inhibits HIV replication

* Finding 1: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin]-stimulated CD8+ T cells mediate suppression of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4+ T cells across a 0.45μm filter. (See Fig 2 and Table 1.) A diffusible [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cytokine cytokine] produced by the CD8+ cells suppresses HIV replication.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes suppress HIV-1 replication across a 0.45μm filter when specifically stimulated by antigen (Figure 4)
:* Confirmation: PMID 1673156: Activated CD8+ T cells produce a soluble factor that inhibits HIV-1 replication, which is not IFN-beta, IFNgamma, or TNF-alpha

* Finding 2: CD8+ T cell suppression of HIV-1 replication is more efficient if there is direct cell contact. (See Figure 3.) Delivery of the cytokine is more efficient when there is cell contact.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more effective at virus suppression when in direct contact with infected cells (Figure 6A)
:* Contradictory Study: [[PMID 9060675]] finds: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominantly mediate antiviral activity through contact-mediated killing and not cytokine production (Figure 4)
:* Contradictory Study: PMID 8709196: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion

* The phenomenon of a cytokine inhibitor of HIV-1 produced by CD8+ T cells is generally accepted. However, most feel that this is a minor mechanism of antiviral activity, with numerous studies indicating that direct killing through cell contact is the major mechanism (references), although this is disputed by a few (references). For certain strains of HIV-1 that use CCR5 for entry, the beta chemokines MIP- 1a, MIP-1b, and RANTES have been shown to be CD8+ T cell-secreted cytokines that can block viral replication, but Levy et al have proposed that the major antiviral factor is not these cytokines because it also works against non-CCR5-using strains of HIV-1 (CXCR4-using) (references), which has been termed CAF ([http://everything2.com/title/CD8+Antiviral+Factor CD8 antiviral factor]). Despite decades of studies of CAF mostly from the [http://labs.medicine.ucsf.edu/levylab/ Levy group] (references), and several candidates (references) and excluded cytokines (references), the identity of CAF remains obscure.

{{List of works disputing this one}}

A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes

2014-05-22T11:26:21Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ brevity ; links to Levy lab (I think) and defn of CD8 antiviral factor

Growth in a time of debt

2014-05-21T01:18:12Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ put disputes-report at right

{{Summary
|title=Growth in a Time of Debt
|authors=Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth S. Rogoff
|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w15639
|summary=We study economic growth and inflation at different levels of government and external debt. Our analysis is based on new data on forty-four countries spanning about two hundred years. The dataset incorporates over 3,700 annual observations covering a wide range of political systems, institutions, exchange rate arrangements, and historic circumstances. Our main findings are: First, the relationship between government debt and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP. Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. We find that the threshold for public debt is similar in advanced and emerging economies. Second, emerging markets face lower thresholds for external debt (public and private)—which is usually denominated in a foreign currency. When external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP, annual growth declines by about two percent; for higher levels, growth rates are roughly cut in half. Third, there is no apparent contemporaneous link between inflation and public debt levels for the advanced countries as a group (some countries, such as the United States, have experienced higher inflation when debt/GDP is high.) The story is entirely different for emerging markets, where inflation rises sharply as debt increases.
|journal=NBER Working Paper
|pub_date=Jan 2010
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
{| align="right"
|-
| {{List of works disputing this one}}
|}
* Summary of conclusions:
* Data: Unbalanced panel of 44 countries over more than a century.
* Finding: When government debt gets to or above a threshhold of 90% of annual GDP there is a noticeable negtive effect on GDP.
:* Contradictory study "[[Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff]]" shows that the data set in the original paper mistakenly excluded five influential observation-countries and this widely-cited conclusion is not strongly shown in the full data. There was a lot of commentary on this including [http://retractionwatch.com/2013/04/18/influential-reinhart-rogoff-economics-paper-suffers-database-error/ this blog post in Retraction Watch].

[[Category: Summary]]

Template:List of works disputing this one

2014-05-21T01:05:02Z

Pbmeyer: change title

{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] [[Disputes::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | format=table | mainlabel=Works on AcaWiki that dispute this one | ?Subject}}

The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime

2014-05-21T01:03:47Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ add automatic report at right with report of works disputing this one

{{Summary
|title=The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime
|authors=Donohue, John J. III ; Steven D. Levitt
|url=
|summary=We offer evidence that legalized abortion has contributed significantly to recent crime reductions. Crime began to fall roughly 18 years after abortion legalization. The 5 states that allowed abortion in 1970 experienced declines earlier than the rest of the nation, which legalized in 1973 with Roe v. Wade. States with high abortion rates in the 1970s and 1980s experienced greater crime reductions in the 1990s. In high abortion states, only arrests of those born after abortion legalization fall relative to low abortion states. Legalized abortion appears to account for as much as 50 percent of the recent drop in crime.
|pub_date=2001
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
{| align="right"
|-
| {{List of works disputing this one}}
|}
This was a well-known and influential paper, with a Wikipedia article discussing its mechanism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalized_abortion_and_crime_effect
The paper's methods were later reported to be statistically incorrect. Waves of debate follows in an academic literature. Whether its conclusions are true is unsettled.

[[Category: Summary]]

The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime

2014-05-21T00:56:32Z

Pbmeyer: add report of works disputing this one

{{Summary
|title=The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime
|authors=Donohue, John J. III ; Steven D. Levitt
|url=
|summary=We offer evidence that legalized abortion has contributed significantly to recent crime reductions. Crime began to fall roughly 18 years after abortion legalization. The 5 states that allowed abortion in 1970 experienced declines earlier than the rest of the nation, which legalized in 1973 with Roe v. Wade. States with high abortion rates in the 1970s and 1980s experienced greater crime reductions in the 1990s. In high abortion states, only arrests of those born after abortion legalization fall relative to low abortion states. Legalized abortion appears to account for as much as 50 percent of the recent drop in crime.
|pub_date=2001
|doi=
|subject=Economics
}}
=== Commentary ===
This was a well-known and influential paper, with a Wikipedia article discussing its mechanism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalized_abortion_and_crime_effect
The paper's methods were later reported to be statistically incorrect. Waves of debate follows in an academic literature. Whether its conclusions are true is unsettled.
{{List of works disputing this one}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children

2014-05-21T00:55:58Z

Pbmeyer: automatic report of other works disputing this one

{{Summary
|title=Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children
|authors=Wakefield A, Murch S, Anthony A ''et al.''
|journal=Lancet
|journal_volume=351(9103):637–41
|url=http://briandeer.com/mmr/lancet-paper.htm
|summary=
|pub_date=1998
|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
|pub_open_access:
|subject= Medicine
}}
Available here: PMID 9500320
=== Commentary ===
* This paper was subject to great dispute and was retracted, apparently by the journal editors -- see PMID 20137807.
* Later the ''British Medical Journal'' called it a "hoax". Source: [http://retractionwatch.com/2011/01/06/some-quick-thoughts-and-links-on-andrew-wakefield-the-bmj-autism-vaccines-and-fraud/ Retraction Watch, Jan 2011]

{{List of works disputing this one}}

[[Category: Summary]]

Template:List of works disputing this one

2014-05-21T00:53:40Z

Pbmeyer: report of other works that say they have a dispute with this one

{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] [[Disputes::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | format=table | mainlabel=Works in AcaWiki disputing this one | ?Subject}}

A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes

2014-05-21T00:46:53Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ report on OTHER works that dispute THIS one. Automatically notices new disputes!

{{Summary
|title=A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication
|authors=Walker, C.M. ; Levy, J.A.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1385169/pdf/immunology00148-0152.pdf
|summary=Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suppress replication of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This antiviral activity appears to be mediated in part by a diffusible factor. Production of this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphokine lymphokine] varies among infected individuals and may reflect the intrinsic ability of an individual's CD8 + cells to control HIV infection. In some cases in which factor activity is not apparent, contact of the CD8+ cells with infected CD4+ cells can produce for suppression of virus replication. These observations could lead to approaches for enhancing anti-viral responses in HIV-infected individuals.
|journal=Immunology 66(4):628-630.
|pub_date=Apr 1989
|doi=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of conclusions: The CD8+ subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cells T cells] produce a soluble substance that inhibits HIV replication

* Finding 1: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin]-stimulated CD8+ T cells mediate suppression of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4+ T cells across a 0.45μm filter. (See Fig 2 and Table 1.) A diffusible [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cytokine cytokine] produced by the CD8+ cells suppresses HIV replication.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes suppress HIV-1 replication across a 0.45μm filter when specifically stimulated by antigen (Figure 4)
:* Confirmation: PMID 1673156: Activated CD8+ T cells produce a soluble factor that inhibits HIV-1 replication, which is not IFN-beta, IFNgamma, or TNF-alpha

* Finding 2: CD8+ T cell suppression of HIV-1 replication is more efficient if there is direct cell contact. (See Figure 3.) Delivery of the cytokine is more efficient when there is cell contact.
:* Confirmation: [[PMID 9060675]]: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more effective at virus suppression when in direct contact with infected cells (Figure 6A)
:* Contradictory Study: [[PMID 9060675]] finds: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominantly mediate antiviral activity through contact-mediated killing and not cytokine production (Figure 4)
:* Contradictory Study: PMID 8709196: HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes efficiently kill infected cells at 100%, early in life cycle, in HLA-restricted fashion

Commentary (by one specialist): Current Scientific Standing: The phenomenon of a cytokine inhibitor of HIV-1 produced by CD8+ T cells is generally accepted. However, most feel that this is a minor mechanism of antiviral activity, with numerous studies indicating that direct killing through cell contact is the major mechanism (references), although this is disputed by a few (references). For certain strains of HIV-1 that use CCR5 for entry, the beta chemokines MIP- 1a, MIP-1b, and RANTES have been shown to be CD8+ T cell-secreted cytokines that can block viral replication, but Levy et al have proposed that the major antiviral factor is not these cytokines because it also works against non-CCR5-using strains of HIV-1 (CXCR4-using) (references), which has been termed CAF (CD8 antiviral factor). Despite decades of studies of CAF mostly from the Levy group (references), and several candidates (references) and excluded cytokines (references), the identity of CAF remains obscure.

=== List of other works disputing this one ===
{{#ask: [[Category:Disputes earlier work]] [[Disputes::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | format=table | mainlabel=Works in AcaWiki disputing this one | ?Subject}}

A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy

2014-05-21T00:18:43Z

Pbmeyer: /* Commentary */ using now predecessor / follows syntax, correctly I think

Available here: PMID 15141043
{{Summary
|title=A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer
|authors=Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group
|journal=N Engl J Med
|journal_volume=2004;350:2050-9.
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+comparison+of+laparoscopic%5Dally+assisted+and+open+colectomy+for+colon+cancer
|summary=In a multi-center randomized, clinical trial, patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer were found to have noninferior oncologic results when compared to patients who underwent an open colectomy for colon cancer. Oncologic outcomes was defined as the rate of colon cancer recurrence. At 3 years followup, 16% of the laparoscopically treated patients had a recurrence; 18% of the patients treated with open surgery had a colon cancer recurrence. Secondary outcomes documented a shorter length of stay in the laparoscopic-surgery group when compared with the open-surgery group (five days vs. six days, P<0.001) and briefer use of parenteral narcotic (three days vs. four days, P<0.001) and oral analgesics (one day vs. two days, P<0.001). The rates of intraoperative complications, 30-day postoperative mortality, complications at discharge and 60 days, hospital readmission, and reoperation were very similar between groups.
|pub_date=2004 May 13
|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032651
|pub_open_access=
|subject= Medicine
}}
=== Commentary ===
* Summary of Conclusions: Laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer results in equivalent cancer outcomes when compared to open colectomy, but results in a quicker recovery.

* Before the paper, there was considerable doubt whether cancer of the colon could be treated well by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery laparoscopic surgery]. Most surgeons would not do a laparoscopic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy colectomy] for colon cancer because of fear that it was inferior treatment. This was a seminal paper in changing that attitude. Other randomized trials have mostly confirmed these results. Still in 2014, most colon surgery for cancer is not done laparoscopically because of technical challenges. (An estimated 40% is laparoscopic according to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectomy#Laparoscopic_surgery this wikipedia article] which cites PMID 22868361.)

* This study is sometimes referred to as the COST trial for the authors: Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group, which is a fairly large group of surgeons. The lead author and the Principal Investigator of the study is Heidi Nelson, a colorectal surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. The members of the writing committee of the COST Study Group are listed in the left margin of the first page of the manuscript.

A significant earlier study is this one:
* Lacy, AM; Garcia-Valdecasas, JC; Delgado, S; et al. [[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]]. ''Lancet'' 2002; 359-2224.
{{Uses reference | source=[[Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial]] | uses=its findings}}
{{Predecessor reference | source=Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial }}

Later works citing this study or on the same subject:
* The Colon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study group. Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer : short term outcomes of a randomized trial. ''Lancet Oncology'', 2005, 10.1016/S1470-2045.3
* Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, et al. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. ''J Clin Oncol'' 2007; 25: 3061-8.
* Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial. ''Ann Surg'' 2007; 246: 655-62.
* Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Lacy AM, Castells A, et al. Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta-analysis. ''Arch Surg'' 2007; 142: 298-303.
* Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Müller JM. Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database Syst Rev.'' 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003145.
* Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. ''J Am Coll Surg'' 2007; 204: 439-46.
* Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. ''Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews''. 2005, Issue 2.
* Young-Fadok TM, Fanelli RD, Price RR, Earle DB. Laparoscopic resection of curable colon and rectal cancer: an evidence-based review. ''Surg Endosc'' 2007; 21(7): 1063-8.

[[Category:Summary]]

Property:Follows

2014-05-21T00:17:38Z

Pbmeyer: experiment for works which cite (or have) a significant predecessor

This is a property of type [[Has type::Page]]. The property is to be used on a page with a summary of a work, and the use of this property is meant to indicate/record that the work on the page where it is used, is a successor, addressing a similar question with similar data, to the cited work which is an argument to the property.

To use this syntax, both works must have pages representing them in AcaWiki. It would be possible to make a [[:Property:FollowsURL]] to record a dispute with a work that is not in AcaWiki but has a URL. Would that be useful? Not clear yet.