Pursing power in Arabic on-line discussion forums

{{Summary
 * title=Pursing power in Arabic on-line discussion forums
 * authors=Marc Tomlinson and David B. Bracewell and Mary Draper and Zewar Almissour and Ying Shi and Jeremy Bensley
 * url=http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2012/pdf/1036_Paper.pdf
 * tags=online argumentation, Arabic, power, social relationships, computational linguistics,
 * summary=The authors analyzed an Arabic discussion forum called WikiTalk, annotating attributes that they say relate to "ten psychologically motivated social acts" derived from from Keltner et al. (2008)

Social Acts

 * 1) Establish Credibility
 * 2) Challenge Credibility
 * 3) Establish Solidarity
 * 4) Managerial Inﬂuence
 * 5) Group Affordance
 * 6) Agreement
 * 7) Disagreement
 * 8) Task Conflict
 * 9) Relationships Conflict
 * 10) Leadership Avoidance

Attributes for each social attribute
(directly quoted from paper, in the main)

Establish Credibility

 * 1) Explicit statements of authority: Asserting a degree or title
 * 2) Motivation: Providing motivation to the group for an idea or action
 * 3) Providing answers: Answering questions poised by group members.
 * 4) Providing cited information: Statement made by an individual citing source information.
 * 5) Justifying opinion: Providing justiﬁcation of a stated opinion.

Challenge Credibility
ways to improve.
 * 1) aggressive/accusing questions: question target‘s credential directly.
 * 2) gossiping: question target‘s credential behind his back, with no direct evidence.
 * 3) demands to prove credibility:ask for hard facts/proof.
 * 4) bait and switch: ﬁrst agree then point out ﬂaws or

Establish Solidarity

 * 1) Introduction to group: Speaker identiﬁes him/herself during ﬁrst time in a group.
 * 2) Establish bona ﬁdes: Speaker establishes good faith with group by stating good intentions or offering help.
 * 3) In group jargon: Speaker uses group-speciﬁc words orhrases that have special meanings.
 * 4) Disclose personal data: Speaker gives personal information about him/herself to the rest of the group.
 * 5) Disclose beliefs: Speaker shares his/her belief aboutomething in order to establish solidarity with the restf the group
 * 6) Ask for a favor: Speaker asks other members of theroup to help him/her out.
 * 7) Address fallout/conﬂict: Speaker addresses a past,resent, or potential future conﬂict within the groupnd states his/her intention to move beyond it (makingeace).
 * 8) Identify allies: Speaker identiﬁes an ally common toroup members; ally may be inside (must be marginalized) or outside the group.
 * 9) Identify opponents: Speaker identiﬁes an opponentommon to group members; opponent may be insider outside the group.

Managerial Inﬂuence

 * 1) goal: goal to be accomplished by the person acquiring power.
 * 2) reasoning with facts: using facts to sway an argument.
 * 3) ﬂattery and good will: using ﬂattery to sway an argument.
 * 4) coalition: mobilization of other people.
 * 5) bargaining: negotiation through exchange of beneﬁts.
 * 6) assertiveness: direct and forceful commands.
 * 7) higher authority: support from higher authority in the organization.
 * 8) rewards: offering rewards to individuals.
 * 9) punishment: threatening to punish another individual.

Group Affordance

 * 1) honorable titles: Speaker uses an honorable title to refer to an individual.
 * 2) respectful sentiments: Speaker uses language containing respectful words.
 * 3) yielding to another person out of respect: Speakers yields to another individual.
 * 4) Order Conﬁrmation: Speaker agrees to do something for target

Agreement

 * 1) Agreement: Speaker uses language explicitly agreeing with another individual.

Disagreement

 * 1) Disagreement: Speaker uses language explicitly disagreeing with another individual.

Task Conflict

 * 1) Task Conﬂict: Speaker uses language indicating conﬂict with another individual over task details.

Relationships Conflict

 * 1)  Relationship Conﬂict: Speaker uses language indicating conﬂict with another individual over personal details.

Leadership Avoidance

 * 1) Order negation: explicitly avoid making a decision.

Theory

 * D. Keltner, G.A. A Van Kleef, Serena Chen, and M.W. W Kraus. 2008. A reciprocal inﬂuence model of social power: Emerging principles and lines of inquiry. Advances in experimental social psychology, 40:151–192.

Corpora & NLP

 * Oya Aran, Hayley Hung, and D. Gatica-Perez. 2010. A multimodal corpus for studying dominance in small group conversations. In Proc. LREC workshop on Multimodal Corpora, Malta.


 * P Bramsen, M. Escobar-Molana, A. Patel, and R Alonso. 2011. Extracting social power relationships from natural language. Proceedings of ACL HLT, pages 773–782.


 * S. Shaikh, T. Strzalkowski, and A. Broadwell. 2010. MPC: A multi-party chat corpus for modeling social phenomena in discourse. Proc. LREC-2010, pages 2007–2013.

Wikipedia
}}
 * Detecting authority bids in online discussions
 * Negotiating with angry mastodons: The Wikipedia policy environment as genre ecology
 * "What I know is...": Establishing credibility on Wikipedia talk pages
 * relevance=* Provides a corpus in Arabic for "identifying individuals pursuing power within on-line forums"
 * Relevant for cross-cultural studies -- see Figure 3 which points in this direction
 * journal=LREC
 * pub_date=2012
 * subject=Computer Science